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Aims: We aimed in this study to investigate the mechanisms of the vasorelaxation effect caused by the anthocyanins-enriched extract of Odontonema strictum flowers. Study Design: Anthocyanins-enriched extract of Odontonema strictum flowers and vasorelaxantes activities of mice aortic rings. Place and Duration of Study: The flowers of Odontonema strictum (Nees) Kuntze (Acanthaceae) were collected in January 2015 at the “Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)” experimental station in Ouagadougou. The experiments were conducted in October - November 2018 at the department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopeia-Pharmacy (MEPHATRA-PH)/IRSS. Methodology: The extract was enriched in anthocyanins using Amberlite XAD-7 non-ionic resin column. The vasorelaxant activity of anthocyanins-enriched extract of O. strictum flowers (OSF) was tested using isolated organ-chamber technique with mice aorta rings. Results: OSF showed concentration-dependent relaxant effects on mice endothelium intact or denuded aortic rings pre-contracted with U46619 (10-7 M) and KCl (80 mM). OSF induced relaxation in the mice aortic rings by stimulating smooth muscle cells. The vasorelaxant effect of OSF (10-1000 µg/mL) was similar in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings. The maximum relaxant effect was 93.78 ± 4.69% and 92.30 ± 3.19% for endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings, respectively. Moreover, after incubation of the aorta rings with OSF (400 µg/mL) or vehicle (0.02% of DMSO) in PSS, OSF blocked the contraction through mechanism involving inhibition of CaCl2 and U46619 effect. Conclusions: The present study provides a pharmacological evidence for the antihypertensive medicinal use of Odontonema strictum by highlighting its vasorelaxant activity.
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Aims: To evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of extracts of Saba senegalensis leaves. Study Design: In vitro antioxidant assay and in vivo anti-inflammatory, analgesic assay of Saba senegalensis extracts. Place and Duration of Study: Saba senegalensis leaves, were collected in the Centre Region of Burkina Faso, in June–July 2015. The experiments were conducted at the department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopeia-Pharmacy (MEPHATRA-PH) of Institute of Research in Health Science (IRSS). Methodology: The anti-oedematous tests with carrageenan and the analgesic with acetic acid and investigate effect on isolated organ were carried out. The standards were acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol. Results: After five hours of carrageenan-induced edema test, aqueous decoction (AD) presented better inhibition on all measure. In fact, at the different doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg it presented percentages of inhibitions respectively of 30.81%, 62.27% and 72.71%. For the analgesic test, the hydroethanol macerate (HEM) showed a better pain reduction compared to the AD with a maximum effect of 77.28% at 400 mg/kg. Antioxidant activity with AD and his fractions shows that AD showed a better activity for the DPPH assay with an IC50 of 1.74 ± 0.10 μg/mL and a reducing power of 59.53 ± 2.16 mmol ET/g Sample. For HEM and his fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction (FHEM-AcOEt) showed a better IC50 of 0.18 ± 0.01 μg/mL for the DPPH test and dichloromethane fraction (FHEM-DCM) a reducing power agent of 88.88 ± 2.65 mmol ET/g Sample. All fractions were endowed with antioxidant properties by both methods. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the presence of phenolic and terpenoid compounds could explain the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of these extracts.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To screen methanol and dichloromethane extracts of stem bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, in vitro antioxidant activities and phytochemical analysis.@*METHODS@#Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by using carrageenan induced-edema of mice paw and croton oil-induced edema of mice ear; analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing. Phytochemical screening of extracts was performed by thin layer chromatography. The chromatographic fractionation led to the isolation of main active components as friedelin, lupeol and epicathechin. The structures were established by TLC and nuclear magnetic resonance studies.@*RESULTS@#Both methanol and dichloromethane extracts, friedelin, lupeol and epicatechin showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect using croton oil induced-ear edema. Furthermore, the action of dichloromethane extract was more important. At the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, the methanol extract was able to reduce the carrageenan induced-hind paw edema, while at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, it showed an important analgesic effect against writhing induced by acetic acid injection of 38.8%, 68.0% and 74.3%, respectively. Antioxidative properties of methanol extract and its dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions were assessed by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method. The methanol extract showed the stronger radical scavenging activity than dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, with an antiradical power of 5, 3.5 and 2 respectively. The main components isolated from these extracts as friedelin, lupeol and epicathechin were responsible of these activities.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results suggest that the stem bark extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus possessed important anti-inflammatory, analgesic activities and strong antioxidant properties, therefore, they could be used as potential natural ingredients in the pharmaceutical industry.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Acetic Acid , Analgesics , Pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Pharmacology , Antioxidants , Pharmacology , Carrageenan , Catechin , Chemical Fractionation , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Croton Oil , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Ear , Edema , Drug Therapy , Hindlimb , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Methanol , Methylene Chloride , Mice, Inbred Strains , Pain , Drug Therapy , Pentacyclic Triterpenes , Phytotherapy , Plant Bark , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Pterocarpus , Chemistry , Solvents , TriterpenesABSTRACT
Objective To screen methanol and dichloromethane extracts of stem bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, in vitro antioxidant activities and phytochemical analysis. Methods Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by using carrageenan induced-edema of mice paw and croton oil-induced edema of mice ear; analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing. Phytochemical screening of extracts was performed by thin layer chromatography. The chromatographic fractionation led to the isolation of main active components as friedelin, lupeol and epicathechin. The structures were established by TLC and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Results Both methanol and dichloromethane extracts, friedelin, lupeol and epicatechin showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect using croton oil induced-ear edema. Furthermore, the action of dichloromethane extract was more important. At the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, the methanol extract was able to reduce the carrageenan induced-hind paw edema, while at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, it showed an important analgesic effect against writhing induced by acetic acid injection of 38.8%, 68.0% and 74.3%, respectively. Antioxidative properties of methanol extract and its dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions were assessed by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method. The methanol extract showed the stronger radical scavenging activity than dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, with an antiradical power of 5, 3.5 and 2 respectively. The main components isolated from these extracts as friedelin, lupeol and epicathechin were responsible of these activities. Conclusions The results suggest that the stem bark extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus possessed important anti-inflammatory, analgesic activities and strong antioxidant properties, therefore, they could be used as natural potential ingredients for pharma ceutical industry.
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La recherche et le developpement de medicaments traditionnels anti-VIH/SIDA est un processus complexe qui integre de nombreux defis. Ce processus comprend les evaluations precliniques et cliniques ainsi que la valorisation industrielle; avec la mise sur le marche de medicaments respectant des normes de qualite; d'innocuite et d'efficacite therapeutique. Si de nombreuses plantes africaines ont deja fait l'objet d'evaluations precliniques avec des resultats encourageants; les etudes cliniques comparatives sont encore insuffisantes. L'espoir est cependant permis; comme nous le montre l'experience du Burkina Faso; notamment a travers le developpement de deux medicaments qui ont franchi aujourd'hui avec succes l'etape d'essai clinique Phase II; et surtout l'identification des plantes medicinales pouvant avoir une interference negative avec les traitements antiretroviraux
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , Medicine, African Traditional , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
La recherche et le developpement de medicaments antidrepanocytaires est une priorite en Afrique; ou vivent la grande majorite des personnes souffrant de drepanocytoses. C'est dans ce sens que le FACA a ete developpe au Burkina Faso; a partir de la Medecine Traditionnelle et avec le soutien du bureau regional de l'OMS. Les proprietes antifalciformantes; anti-inflammatoires; antipyretiques et myorelaxantes ont ete evaluees. Il en est de meme de la toxicite. Les plantes composant le FACA; agissent en synergie contre les principaux symptomes de la crise drepanocytaire. Administre en evaluation clinique; le FACA est bien tolere et reduit de maniere significative; la frequence des crises. Apres son autorisation de mise sur le marche; le FACA fait maintenant l'objet d'une production industrielle
Subject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy , Drug Compounding , Medicine, African Traditional , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Les institutions de recherche creees pour developper la medecine traditionnelle encouragees dans ce domaine par l'OMS menent des activites vers des maladies prioritaires comme le paludisme; le VIH/SIDA; la drepanocytose; le diabete et l'hypertension arterielle. La prise en charge de l'hypertension arterielle par les medicaments conventionnels est tres elevee amenant plusieurs patients a s'orienter vers la medecine traditionnelle dont les produits ayant l'innocuite; l'efficacite et la qualite prouvees doivent etre utilises. Differents organes des plantes utilisees par les tradipraticiens ont fait l'objet d'etudes phytochimiquediuretique; et antihypertensive au Departement de Medecine Traditionnelle a Bamako et a l'Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante de Ouagadougou: Cymbopogon giganteus; Gynandropsis gynandra; Portulaca oleracea; Jatropha gossypiifolia et une recette de tradipraticien. L'infuse de Portulaca oleracea a la dose de 37;5 mg/kg avec une excretion urinaire de 163;10a donne une importante activite diuretique. Une elevation de la pression arterielle provoquee par l'adrenaline a la dose de 75?g/kg a ete inhibee par le macere aqueux de Jatropha gossipiifolia 94;64a la dose de 20mg/kg. Ces travaux viennent en complement des tests de toxicite pour permettre l'evaluation de l'evidence ethnomedicale sur des recettes a base de ces plantes suivie d'autres tests biologiques de formulation galenique et des essais cliniques. Peu de phytomedicaments de la medecine traditionnelle africaine ont obtenu l'autorisation de mise sur le marche a l'exception du Guinex-HTA produit en Guinee